Stress-balancing splice bar



April 6 1926. R 16,311

I B. G- BRAINE STRESS BALANCING SPLICE BAR Original Filed Jan. 30 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1- NEW 0F BOLT HOLE 'NESsS.'- Bancrgff mine,

:April 6 1926. R 16,311

8. G. BRAINE STRESS BALANCING SPLICE BAR Original Filed Jan. {50, 1924 Sheets-Sheet 2 R. D I 2 D x k 7 gwomtov fiamrytausmine, mrlvssazs:

w pl I Reissued Apr, 6, 1926.

'ureo STATES BANcnor'r BRAINE, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR'TO THE COMPANY, or NEW YORK, N. n, A conroimrronor *rrnwxonx.

STRESS-BALANCING SPLICE ma rtiiomr I Original No. 1,546,883, dated July 21, 1925, Serial No. 689,526, fi1ed January'3'0, .1924.- Application tori,

reissue filled February 13, 1926. Serial No. 88,-1;36.' 2.; v i

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BANCROFT G. BRAINE,

, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Montclair, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Stress-Balancing Splice Bars, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rail joint construction and more particularly to a novel distribution of metal in a splice bar for rail joints which effects economy in the use of metal while augmenting the efficiency of the The present invention however has in view a distribution of metal in a splice bar which provides a bar in which economy of metal distribution is carefully conserved and in which there is an effective balancing of stresses at equal distances above and below the horizontal neutral axis. Accordingly, an important object of the invention is to so proportion and dispose the metal in the web and in the unsymmetrical upper and lower portions of the bar that each element of the effective section below the center line of first moment, or neutral axis, will be substantially equal to the corresponding element at an equal distance above the said center line of first moment or neutral axis, thereby not only obtaining the most eco-' nomical distribution of metal, especially when considering joint bars with high fishing,'but at the same time most effectively taking care of the strain produced by the applied load as well as properly taking care of the internal stresses which are the result of the strain. I

Furthermore, the invention has in View an improved foot construction for the bar' which lends itself to carrying out the objects above specified while at the same time having a, maximum sustaining value for strains which are transferred to the outer I edge of the flange of the bar.

the art the the novel construction and combination. of features illustrated, -:I described; rand v hereinafter claimed.

While susceptible of, rnodification without. departing from the spirit" or sacrificing oftheadvantages of 'the" 1nvent1on certain practical embodiments thereof are shownzin the-.: accompanyingdrawings, in which F'gure 1 is an end,.view- -ofa patented type of spl ce baringconnectionwithwhich the invention hasspecialntility;th =.v1g I 1 'also Showing e bi l applied :Ito the fishing space of a rail.-'

Figure 2 is a view similar to'Figi- 1shovving the improved f oot constrlu .ti o'n. added t the said type of bar shown i Figure 3 is a;, -v-iew isimilar to' theiother two figures showing the same 7 general type designing an irregular orv symmetrical 'lshape' so that the area of'each ele'mentfat' cor-re? sponding distances above and? below theneu 1 of splice bar and;illustrati ng'lthe feature of tral axis is the-same: .l i

F1gure 4 1s anjend VlGVTOf a spliceiqbar in tion.

Like references "designate corresp 'onding parts 1n the several figures of thedrawings." As the invention possesses special utility:

in its application to splice barsof the" well known 100% type, a typical bar of that type, for illustrative purposes, is shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, saidbar representing the ideal distribution of metal according to the lnventlon of patent of Thomson and Thomson No. 937,118, granted October 19,1909.

A distinctive feature of this type. of splice 1 tity of metal in a widened head of the bar" bar is to correctlyplace an-increasediquanratio, in a rigid bar, between the section modulus ofthe top of the bar and of the bottom of the bar. According to 'the plan of distribution involved in the said splice bar shown in Figure l of the drawings the feature is involved of carrying the metal, at

which the. invention isishown, consolidated -w1th other usefulforms of metal zdistribui-- bar. Thus, an increased amount of metal is added to the inside of the head and web of the bar at a place formerly reserved for the punching of the bolt holes and the bracket of reinforcing metal thus added to the splice bar of Figure 1 of the drawings is indicated by the re erence numerals 2 and 3. The reference numeral 2 indicates a downwardly and outwardly inclined inner face which intersects an upright inner face 3 between horizontal planes at the center and at the bot-tom of the bolt holes as shown in Figure 1 and other figures of the drawings of Pat ent No. 937,118 and pointed out in the specification of that patent. This particular ini side configuration is shown in both Figs. 1

and 2 of the drawings.

The distribution of metal in the patentedsplice bar referred to is detailed because it may advantageously be combined with the novel distribution of metal shown in the foot flan e port-ion F of the splice bar illustrated in ig. 2 of the drawings. Referring more particularly to this distribution of metal in the foot flange F of the splice bar it will be seen that this foot flange isformed with a relatively thin neck portion 4 and an enlarged edge portion 5, which edge portion is of materially greater depth than the relatively thin neck portion 4. The distribution of metal adopted for the enlarged edge portion 5 of the foot flange F of the splice bar manifests itself in a shape which may be said to have substantially the form of an inverted frustum of a pyramid so that the enlarged edge portion 5 presents at its under side a truncated, or substantially truncated,

apex 6, and inclining side faces 7 and 8. The side face 7 slants upwardly and inwardly to the underside of the thinned neck portion 4 and. the-inclined face 8 slants upward and outwardly to the outer edge of the foot flan e.

The oot flange construction described when associated with an upper section having an effective distribution of metal such as shown in all four figures ofthe drawings provides an unsymmetrical or irregular sec-' tion which may be substantially balanced element for element, therefore providing for a balancing of stresses atv equal distances above and below the horizontal neutral axis, and in increments. In order to illustrate how this may effectively be done in a practical form of bar there is shown in Figure 3 of the drawings the improved splice bar construction and on whichis shown, by corresponding numerals, the'dividing of the bar into elements of corresponding area which are at equal distances above and below the by applied load and the center line of second moment has to do with the internal stresses, the result of the strain. And, when a section can be designed so that its lines are coincident the center line of the equal areas as shown in Figure 3 will also be coincident.

In further explanation of the novel distribution of metal that makes it possible to obtain a strong bar for the area and to substantially balance the bar as'to areas, as

to strains and as to stresses, it will be understood that this necessarily involves a substantial balancing of the physical properties of the effective unsymmetrical parts of the bar at the top and bottom, whereby the centers of'gravity and the centers of stress of the unsymmetrical top and bottom parts of the bar will be so located that the bar not only will be balanced as to area, but also statically and as to stresses. Accordingly,

in laying out a splice bar shape following the principles of the present invention to obtain a balancing of stresses in the statically balanced portions, as well as to areas, the important-[factors to be calculated and employed are the moment of inertia, the section modulus, the static moment,- as well as the area. Furthermore, it is important to the successful carrying out. ofthe invention that the center of gravity of the head part of the bar shall be at substantially the same distance above the neutral axis or middle line as the center of gravity for the foot member ofthe bar is below the said axis or middle line, and that the center line of stress of the head part of the bar shall be at substantially the same distance above the'neutral axis or middle line as the center line of stress for the foot part of the bar is below the said axis or middle line.

This is exemplified more clearly in Figs. '2 and 4 of the drawings wherein the zoning of the corresponding areas of metal respectively above and below the neutral axis or middle line is made on a more open and practical scale. For example, in both of said Figs. 2 and 4 of the drawings the corresponding zones of metal respectively cal parts of the bar are not .only substan-. tially balanced as to area representing,

.further description, and it above and below the neutral axis or middle line are shown as 1,'2.and 3, the zones 1-1 the areas in the substantially uniform we rily are of the same "or approximately the same'area, and the zones 22 and 3 3 representing the corresponding areas of metal in the upper and lower unsymmetrical arts of the bar. There are shown on said igs v2 and 4 the calculations or approximately the calculations giving-the area, the static moment and the inertia for the said several zones to illustrate the substantial balancing of the physical properties thereof. Also,

these calculations'show that the corresponding zones, particularly for the unsymmetribut as to modulus. y

In Figure 4 of the drawings is shown an embodiment of the invention in connection with a web subnormally thinned at intervals as indicated'by the dotted line 9 according to the patent of Armstrong and Grofl' No. 1,480,487 dated January 8, 1924 and "having a steppedformation 10 at its upper outer portion according to the inventlon. of the reissue patent of the present applicant No. Re. 15,668 dated August 7, 1923.

' From the foregoing it is thought that the construction and advantages of the herein described improvement in metal distribution for splice bars will be ap arent without a will be understood that changes in the form, propor tion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages thereof. J I

I claim 1. A splice bar having unsymmetrical upper and lower members containing ef part of the bar which necessa fective zones-of metal of substantially the same area and physical properties at equal distances respectivel a ve and .below a neutral axis or mid e line. f

2. A ,splice bar having unsymmetrical upper and lower members containing effective zones of metal of substantially the same area at equal distances respectively above and below a neutral axis.

l. A splice bar having unsymmetrical upper and lower members containing effective zones' of metal of substantially the same area at equal distances respectively above and below the horizontal neutral axis.

4. A splice bar section of difierent section respectively above and below the horizontal neutral axis, the upper and lower unsymmetrical parts of the bar havin zones of metal of the same area at equa distances from the said axis providing for a balancing of the stresses.

5. A s lice bar of difierent section but equal m the horizontal neutral axis, the unsymmetrical parts of. said bar respectively above and below said axis being of equal area.

6. A non-symmetrical splice .bar having in itsupper and lower unsymmetrical parts zones of metal of equal area at equal distances respectively above and below a medial 'line substantially bisecting the bar.

7. A splice bar of diifei'ent conformation respectivel above and below a line substantially is ecting the bar, said bar being of recessed formation, and having zones of {distances respectively above and below said In testimony whereof I hereunto aflimmy signature.

BANCROFT G Beams.

ulus respectively above and below metal of substantially equal areas at equal 

